The village of Zraoua, in southern Tunisia, is part of the Jebel Dahar settlements whose populations were subjected to a programmed displacement process starting in the second half of the 20th century. This abandoned village presents an interesting case study of vernacular architecture and the cultural landscape of the Mediterranean mountain regions. The biophysical dimension and social structure are essential to understanding the diversity and specificity of the region's patio house (intra-muros house, semi-troglodytic house, house on the ridge, and house on the hillside), reconstructing the various stages of urban evolution, and comprehending a landscape construction model particularly adapted to the scarce resources of the territory (terraces in the valleys, draining surfaces on the slopes, and cisterns).

The Matmata massif is the northern part of the Dahar mountain range, which dominates the landscape of southeastern Tunisia. This mountain forms a northwest/southeast-oriented arc and is composed of three main units: Jebel Matmata in the north, Jebel Demmer and Jebel Labiodh in the center, and Jebel Nefoussa in Libya. This vast area is characterized by a common natural landscape and a cultural and economic human identity that defines the Berber tribal society inhabiting this region.

Read more

Guermassa, situated atop the Dahar mountains in Tunisia, is a deserted village boasting a strategic location encircling a mountaintop, extending along a ridge, and traversing the slopes of an adjacent peak. Historically, this elevated position served a dual purpose, offering inhabitants panoramic vistas while serving as a lookout to detect potential threats from afar. Fortifications encircling the village rendered it virtually impregnable, a characteristic shared with similar fortified settlements in the region, yet Guermassa stands out for its remarkable beauty.

The village's structures are partially hewn from the surrounding rock, a construction method that not only utilized the natural terrain but also provided structural strength. Dwellings were carved into softer rock layers between two harder strata, resulting in sturdy yet smooth interiors. Internally, living spaces were compartmentalized to serve various functions such as cooking and sleeping areas. Each residence features an enclosed courtyard along well-defined pathways interlinking the village.

Read more

Located on the outskirts of Gabes, approximately 100 kilometers east of Douz, the Berber Amazigh settlement of Matmata stands amidst an arid desert terrain characterized by scrubland and hills. Notably, this settlement is renowned for its distinctive traditional Berber housing, namely the pit-like cave dwellings that define its landscape, a feature exclusive to Matmata within Tunisia.

These cave houses, also referred to as troglodyte houses, appear to seamlessly integrate with the surrounding environment. Initially imperceptible from external vantage points, some conjecture their origins as defensive shelters against adversaries. However, a more plausible explanation suggests their development as protection against the harsh desert conditions. Troglodyte cave dwellings provide essential cooling shade during daylight hours while insulating occupants from the chilly desert nights.

Read more

Perched upon a 200-meter hillside, the Berber village of Takrouna commands a mesmerizing panorama of the surrounding landscape.

From its vantage point, visitors are treated to a sweeping vista that encompasses the Gulf of Hammamet and Sousse, as well as the sprawling olive groves that carpet the Kairouan and Zaghouan regions.

Situated on the Mediterranean coast, just 100km south of Tunis and 55km from the popular tourist destination of Sousse, Takrouna enjoys easy accessibility from Tunisia's major urban centers.

With a history spanning two millennia, Takrouna's architectural marvels bear testament to the rich heritage of the Berber culture. Named after a Berber tribe that settled the region in the eighth century, the village's layout and design reflect meticulous attention to cultural preservation.

Haitham Bejraidia, secretary-general of the Friends of Takrouna association, underscores the village's strategic significance in regional history. Positioned atop a hill, Takrouna served as a natural fortress, offering protection against invasions and facilitating surveillance of the surrounding areas.

During World War II, Takrouna played a pivotal role, witnessing a fierce battle between New Zealand forces and Axis troops.

Read more